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: A 2024 systematic review examines the chemical components of e-liquids (PG, VG, nicotine) and their associated respiratory and cardiovascular risks.

If you are looking for academic or formal "papers" related to the general topic of vaping (e-cigarettes), here are some highly relevant resources: Research & Evidence Reviews

: Recent developments include portable devices that use paper discs and ultraviolet light to test vape liquids for substances like THC or synthetic cannabinoids ("spice") in settings like schools.