Introduction To The Basic Concepts Of Modern | Ph...

Objects like electrons and photons exhibit properties of both particles and waves. They are neither one nor the other exclusively, but a "quantum" entity that behaves differently depending on how it is measured.

Matter is composed of quarks (which make up protons and neutrons) and leptons (such as electrons). Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Modern Ph...

Modern physics seeks to categorize all known subatomic particles and the forces that govern them. Objects like electrons and photons exhibit properties of

These particles interact through four fundamental forces: Gravity , Electromagnetism , the Strong Nuclear Force (which holds nuclei together), and the Weak Nuclear Force (responsible for radioactive decay). 4. Wave-Function and Probability Modern physics seeks to categorize all known subatomic

Unlike the deterministic nature of classical physics, modern physics is built on . The state of a particle is described by a mathematical "wave-function." Until an observation is made, a particle exists in a superposition of multiple states at once.

Einstein redefined gravity not as a force between masses, but as the curvature of spacetime . Massive objects like stars and planets warp the "fabric" of the universe, and this curvature dictates how objects move. 3. The Standard Model: The Building Blocks