: Japan remains the top foreign creditor, a position it has held since surpassing China in 2019. China 's holdings have steadily declined, falling from a peak of $1.3 trillion in 2013 to under $700 billion by 2026.
: Holds roughly $2.65 trillion , representing surplus payroll taxes invested in special-issue government bonds. top us debt buyers
: This includes the Military Retirement Fund ($1.42 trillion) and the Civil Service Retirement Fund ($995 billion). : Japan remains the top foreign creditor, a
: The single largest individual holder, with approximately $4.4 trillion to $4.6 trillion in Treasuries. : This includes the Military Retirement Fund ($1
: The United Kingdom has overtaken China as the second-largest foreign holder. This often reflects its status as a major global financial and custodial hub for hedge funds and institutional investors.
: Recent data suggests hedge funds have become massive purchasers, absorbing roughly 37% of net U.S. Treasury issuance in recent years to provide market liquidity.