The "traditional" model. The employer provides the design, and the contractor builds it. Risk is shared, and an independent Engineer manages the process.
Most of the world's infrastructure is built using these three primary books:
It uses "Dispute Avoidance Boards" to fix problems before they hit a courtroom. The FIDIC Forms of Contract
Whether in Dubai or London, the clauses remain consistent, making it easier for banks to fund projects.
For specialized facilities like power plants. The contractor designs and builds based on the employer’s requirements. The "traditional" model
Risks are assigned to the party best able to control them.
The FIDIC Forms of Contract—the "Rainbow Suite"—is the backbone of international construction. Since 1913, the Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) has standardized how owners and contractors share risk. Most of the world's infrastructure is built using
Originally, construction was a "handshake" industry, but as projects grew into massive dams and railways, legal disputes followed. In 1957, FIDIC released its first Red Book, modeled after British civil engineering standards. Over the decades, it evolved into a color-coded system designed for every possible project type. The Core Trio