: Focuses on independence and self-directed learning within a "prepared environment" using specialized tactile materials.
: Jean Piaget’s theories on stages of development and Lev Vygotsky’s concept of "scaffolding"—where adults support children just above their current ability—remain pillars of modern curriculum design. Core Curriculum Models and Philosophies The Early Childhood Curriculum (Early Childhood...
: Prioritizes holistic development (heart, head, and hands) through creative activities like arts, music, and nature-based exploration, often delaying traditional academics. : Focuses on independence and self-directed learning within
: Uses a "plan-do-review" process to build decision-making and executive functioning skills through active participatory learning. The Play vs. Academics Debate and nature-based exploration