The dye attaches to the fibre through a chemical reaction triggered by alkaline conditions (high pH). There are two main types of reaction mechanisms: 1. Nucleophilic Substitution
Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes
While reactive dyes are safer than many older synthetics (like those using heavy metals), they require large amounts of salt and water for the fixation and rinsing processes. Modern research focuses on "low-salt" dyes and increasing the to reduce chemical waste. The dye attaches to the fibre through a
A major challenge where the dye reacts with water instead of the fibre, creating "spent" dye that must be washed away. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes
Links the chromophore to the reactive system. ⚗️ The Reaction Mechanism