Д°stanbul Hгјkгјmetleri Ve Milli Mгјcadele 2 - Sina... Link

Akşin illustrates the "civil war" atmosphere of the time, highlighting how the Istanbul administration was often paralyzed between its duty to the Sultan and the reality of the nationalist resistance in Anatolia.

The book details the attempts by the Istanbul governments (specifically the Ali Rıza Pasha and Salih Pasha cabinets) to bridge the gap between the Allied demands and the increasingly defiant Representative Committee led by Mustafa Kemal. Akşin illustrates the "civil war" atmosphere of the

The text utilizes extensive archives from the UK, France, and the USA to show how foreign powers manipulated the Istanbul governments to suppress the Milli Mücadele (National Struggle). Significance of the Work Significance of the Work A major focus is

A major focus is the convening of the final Chamber of Deputies (Meclis-i Mebusan), which famously adopted the Misak-ı Milli (National Pact). Akşin analyzes how this act of defiance led directly to the formal Allied occupation of Istanbul on March 16, 1920. Akşin illustrates the "civil war" atmosphere of the