Overtake -

: The subject vehicle (SV) moves laterally from its original lane to a destination lane, which may be an adjacent or oncoming lane.

: A phenomenon known as the "perceptual relief period" occurs when a cyclist feels safer immediately after a car has passed them, despite the fact that other vehicles behind them may still pose a high risk.

: Research models the duration and behavior of cyclists and e-bike riders overtaking one another in exclusive lanes, noting significant differences in duration based on gender and vehicle type. overtake

: Many drivers experience being overtaken as a "win-lose" situation, leading them to speed up to prevent others from passing—a behavior often driven by a sense of ego or the desire to "punish" perceived aggressive driving in others.

Research into driver psychology reveals that the decision to overtake is not purely mechanical; it is heavily influenced by internal states and external pressure: : The subject vehicle (SV) moves laterally from

: The SV moves longitudinally to get ahead of the leading vehicle (LV).

: Drivers frequently misjudge the speed of oncoming vehicles. Errors often occur when the distance of an oncoming car is high, leading the driver to believe they have enough time, even when they do not. 3. Future Trends: Autonomous Overtaking : Many drivers experience being overtaken as a

A standard overtaking maneuver is mathematically modeled as a three-stage sequence: