Noveishaia Istoriia Rossii Uchebnik Pod Red A N Sakharova M Prospekt -

Economic modernization and the crisis of the autocracy leading up to 1917.

Formation of the USSR, the New Economic Policy (NEP), industrialization, and the Stalinist system. Economic modernization and the crisis of the autocracy

Focuses on the causes and nature of social and state transformations, including wars, revolutions, and scientific achievements. the New Economic Policy (NEP)