: This was a "total" economic war. By attempting to blockade all British trade with Europe, Napoleon sought to destroy Britain’s economy as a way to win the military struggle.
: In response to French occupation, civilian populations engaged in "total" resistance. The "Spanish Ulcer"—a brutal guerrilla war—and Russia's "scorched earth" tactics showed that even the people themselves became targets and participants in the conflict. Napoleon Bonaparte's Contributions to Modern Warfare
: As a former artillery officer, Napoleon made cannons the "cutting edge" of his total war, using concentrated fire to physically and psychologically shatter enemy lines. The Expansion of the Battlefield
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