Miguel Primo De Rivera Alejandro Quiroga Fern... Apr 2026

: Far from a temporary "interregnum," the dictatorship established the symbols, rituals, and National-Catholic myths that would later form the ideological foundation of the Francisco Franco regime.

: Ironically, the aggressive attempt to impose a monarchic and Catholic identity fueled the rise of regional nationalisms (Basque and Catalan) and secular republicanism, ultimately paving the way for the Second Spanish Republic. Miguel Primo De Rivera Alejandro Quiroga Fern...

: Primo de Rivera presented himself as Joaquín Costa’s "Iron Surgeon," a charismatic leader meant to "cure" Spain of political corruption and social chaos through direct, authoritarian intervention. : Far from a temporary "interregnum," the dictatorship

: Quiroga argues that Primo de Rivera was a pioneer of right-wing populism in Spain. He utilized a sophisticated propaganda machine to spread "fake news" and vilify liberal elites, judges, and traditional politicians as enemies of the people. : Quiroga argues that Primo de Rivera was