: A factor Strauss adds that represents the "luck" or guidance required for such immense success. The Five Stages of War

: Represented as a horse —spirited and tough. He excelled at adaptability but died young without a clear successor.

: The strategic use of massacres and harsh punishment to break enemy resistance.

Strauss tracks their campaigns through a chronological cycle of warfare: : The opening move and decision to fight.

Hannibal, Caesar... — Masters Of Command: Alexander,

: A factor Strauss adds that represents the "luck" or guidance required for such immense success. The Five Stages of War

: Represented as a horse —spirited and tough. He excelled at adaptability but died young without a clear successor. Masters of Command: Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar...

: The strategic use of massacres and harsh punishment to break enemy resistance. : A factor Strauss adds that represents the

Strauss tracks their campaigns through a chronological cycle of warfare: : The opening move and decision to fight. Masters of Command: Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar...