Ito, K. (1994). The world of Japanese manga. Kodansha International.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18. Ito, K
Research has shown that Asian women are often portrayed in media as exotic, submissive, and hypersexualized ( hooks, 1992; Fung, 1991). These stereotypes are perpetuated through various forms of media, including film, television, and online content. The portrayal of Asian women as "babes" or sex objects is a common theme in media, contributing to the objectification and sexualization of these women (Kilbourne, 1999). Kodansha International
Kilbourne, J. (1999). Can't buy my love: How advertising changes the way we think and feel. Free Press. Visual pleasure and narrative cinema
The concept of the gaze, as discussed by Laura Mulvey (1975), is particularly relevant when examining the representation of Asian women in media. The gaze refers to the way in which the viewer or consumer of media is positioned to view the subject, often as an object of desire. In the context of Asian women, the gaze is often male and Western, perpetuating a power dynamic that reinforces the objectification and sexualization of these women.
Japanese women are often represented in media as curvy, brunette, and submissive (Ito, 1994). These stereotypes are perpetuated through various forms of media, including anime, manga, and online content. The representation of Japanese women as hairy and sexually available is a common theme in media, contributing to the objectification and sexualization of these women.