Focuses on how well test scores relate to external measures, such as performance in a university setting or other standardized tests like IELTS or TOEFL .
Weir’s primary contribution is a unified framework for validation that breaks down the "black box" of language testing into manageable components: Language Testing and Validation
Investigates whether the test actually triggers the mental processes it claims to measure. For instance, does a reading test require high-level inference or just simple keyword matching?. Focuses on how well test scores relate to