Kim Lisenkova Sirotin Zverev — Geografiia Gdz Klass-alekseev Nizovtsev

This stage shifts focus to global diversity. It covers the specific nature of each continent—from the heat of Africa to the ice of Antarctica—and the cultures of the people living there.

The focus narrows to the homeland. Topics include Russia’s vast borders, its extreme climate zones, and the unique demographic makeup of its population. This stage shifts focus to global diversity

The journey begins with the history of discovery—from ancient travelers to modern polar explorers. Students learn the "language of geography" (maps, scales, and coordinates) and the basic spheres of our planet: the lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (life). its extreme climate zones