: This research (2018) critiques how sports media historically upheld "hegemonic masculinity" by focusing on heterosexual male athletes, but notes a shift as more athletes come out publicly in the 21st century.

: The paper Entertainment media and the information practices of queer individuals (2019) explains how queer individuals use entertainment media for identity formation and to compensate for gaps in traditional information resources.

: A study titled Coverage of the Gay Games From 1980–2012 in U.S. Newspapers found that newspaper coverage often emphasizes themes of "identity and optimism".