If you are looking for a high-quality PDF on (limited mouth opening/trismus), the most recent and comprehensive medical reference is the article by Nicot et al. (2022) published in EMC - Chirurgie orale et maxillo-faciale . Recommended PDF Sources & Reviews
: For understanding what constitutes "normal" opening, the study L’ouverture buccale normale dans la population française adulte available on ResearchGate or ScienceDirect is essential. It establishes that the average opening is roughly 50.77 mm , though this varies by height, age, and gender. Quick Summary of Key Findings Download Limitation d’ouverture buccale pdf
L’ouverture buccale normale dans la population française adulte If you are looking for a high-quality PDF
: Men generally have a larger opening than women, largely correlated to height. It establishes that the average opening is roughly 50
: Reduced mouth opening is frequently linked to conditions like scleroderma , where it is often associated with esophageal issues, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
