: Fine refutes popular claims—found in books like The Female Brain —that suggest men are naturally analytical while women are naturally empathetic due to brain structure. She highlights that the scientific evidence for such categorical distinctions is often weak, based on small sample sizes, or flawed by publication bias.

Fine's work challenges several long-standing myths about the brain and gender:

: This term refers to the use of neuroscience to reinforce gender stereotypes . Fine explains how seemingly objective brain scans are often interpreted through a biased lens to justify existing social inequalities, such as the underrepresentation of women in STEM.