Circular Economy -

Companies can adopt "Product-as-a-Service" models (e.g., leasing equipment instead of selling it) or use industrial symbiosis , where one company's waste becomes another's raw material. Practical handbooks like A Circular Economy Handbook can help guide these transitions.

The Ellen MacArthur Foundation defines three primary principles that drive this system: circular economy

Instead of managing waste after it's created, products are designed so that waste never exists in the first place. Companies can adopt "Product-as-a-Service" models (e

Circular strategies are often categorized by "R" words, prioritized by how much value they preserve. The goal is to stay as high up the list as possible before resorting to recycling. Rethink/Refuse Change how you use products or refuse unnecessary items. Medium Reuse/Repair Circular strategies are often categorized by "R" words,

You can "vote circular" by supporting brands with buy-back programs (like IKEA or Patagonia) and choosing high-quality, repairable goods over disposable ones. Recommended Resources Circular economy introduction - Ellen MacArthur Foundation