Central Bank -

: The primary goal is usually keeping inflation low and predictable (often targeting around 2%) to preserve the value of money.

: They manage the government’s bank accounts, handle public debt, and issue government securities. central bank

: In times of crisis, they provide emergency liquidity to commercial banks that cannot borrow elsewhere, preventing total financial failure. : The primary goal is usually keeping inflation

: They hold the legal monopoly on producing and distributing a nation’s banknotes and coins. handle public debt

: They oversee commercial banks to ensure they hold enough capital and follow safety regulations. The Role of Independence

: Some central banks, like the U.S. Federal Reserve , have a "dual mandate" to also support full employment. Key Functions