: Professional "L" or "Gold Ring" lenses are built tough, but they may have been used heavily by pros; check for "brassing" on the mount as a sign of high mileage. g., Sony E-mount, Canon RF)?

: Scratches on the back glass are far more detrimental to image quality than scratches on the front.

: Be cautious with older lenses featuring early image stabilization (IS/VR) systems, as these motors are often the first components to fail.

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