: Baiting opponents by keeping the lower body behind a "toe line" while engaging the upper body.
: Breaking and passing the Closed Guard, De La Riva, Lasso, Spider, and X-Guard. BJJ Fanatics - John Danaher - Passing the Guard
: Danaher identifies three primary obstacles to passing: the opponent's feet, knees, and hands. Key Passing Methodologies : : Baiting opponents by keeping the lower body