Over long periods (e.g., 10 years), the Sun's movement provides a baseline that allows for the measurement of parallax shifts in quasars and other extragalactic objects, with the shift always directed toward the antapex [9]. 4. Recent Case Studies

The Distribution of Earth-Impacting Interstellar Objects (arXiv) [2] The Solar Apex (Nature) [10] Lunar Cold Spots and Crater Production (AGU) [7]

For planets like Earth, this is the trailing side of the planet's orbital path around the Sun. 2. Antapex and Impact Dynamics

In any system of motion, the is the "forward" direction and the antapex is the "rearward" direction.