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Grain was the literal lifeblood of the medieval city. To prevent famine and civil unrest, city councils often intervened in the market:

Cities built massive granaries to buffer against the "hungry months" before the next harvest, creating a precursor to modern food security reserves. 3. Economic Integration and Trade Barriers 41441.rar

These recently drained and embanked lands were highly commodified. Because of their fertility, they often specialized in cash crops or intensive animal husbandry. Leases here were frequently paid in cash , reflecting a more modern, market-driven economy. Grain was the literal lifeblood of the medieval city