: Perpetrators (promoters, builders, or professionals) can face 1 to 4 years in prison.

In 2022, a major ruling by the brought national attention back to the issue of illegal construction on the coast. The court ordered the complete demolition of the Isla de Valdecañas luxury resort in Extremadura, which had been built illegally on a protected Natura 2000 network site. The Isla de Valdecañas Case (2022)

: Courts can order the demolition of illegal works at the owner's expense to restore the land to its original state.

Under Spanish law, specifically , building in protected areas carries heavy penalties: