2022---ethereum--transaction-fees--finally--plummeting---the-merge-has-nothing-to-do-with-it Apr 2026

Fees are determined by how many users are competing for limited block space.

In 2022, Ethereum transaction fees (gas) experienced a significant and sustained drop, reaching their lowest levels in years. Contrary to popular belief, Why the Merge Didn't Lower Fees The Merge was a consensus change. It replaced miners with validators to secure the network. Fees are determined by how many users are

Networks like and Optimism gained massive adoption. Fees are determined by how many users are

The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of the "bidding" for transaction priority off-chain. Fees are determined by how many users are

This prevented failed transactions and "bidding wars" from artificially inflating gas prices on the public mempool. Looking Ahead