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: The formation of a p-n heterojunction creates an internal electric field that drives electrons and holes in opposite directions, reducing recombination rates. This synergy leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals ( ) and superoxide radicals ( ), which Mineralize the organic dyes. 4. Conclusion

Traditional photocatalysts like TiO₂ often suffer from a wide bandgap, limiting their efficiency to the ultraviolet spectrum. Heterojunction engineering—coupling two semiconductors with staggered band alignments—is a proven strategy to extend light response into the visible range. This paper focuses on the system. ZnO provides a robust, non-toxic framework, while BiOI, a p-type semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, serves as a visible-light sensitizer. 2. Materials and Methods

: The "cotton floc" morphology was confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural integrity and crystalline phases were verified via X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

: A rapid one-step hydrothermal or solvothermal method was employed to produce the ZnO–BiOI composite.

: The ZnO–BiOI heterostructure exhibited a significant redshift in light absorption compared to pure ZnO, confirming its efficacy under visible light.

The study successfully demonstrates a facile route to highly active ZnO–BiOI photocatalysts. The material’s high degradation efficiency and excellent recovery/reusability make it a promising candidate for practical industrial wastewater treatment.

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