: Sustainable and cost-effective removal of industrial dyes from wastewater using modern enabling techniques and "low-cost" alternative adsorbents (LCAs).

: It highlights eco-friendly materials derived from:

: The study explores adsorption , ion exchange, irradiation, coagulation, and membrane-based filtration.

The textile industry is a major global economic driver, but its production stages—specifically —create significant environmental hazards due to the discharge of large volumes of colored wastewater. This review evaluates modern methods to mitigate these issues.

: Synthetic dyes are often carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic . Traditional treatment methods, like using commercial activated carbon, are often too expensive for large-scale industrial use. Key Findings & Methods Evaluated

: Efficiency is heavily dictated by the pH of the solution , initial dye concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. For instance, a lower pH (around 6) was found optimal for certain bagasse-based treatments. Emerging Technologies Mentioned

The review also touches upon advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and technology integration: